1930–1950 жылдардағы Жамбыл облысындағы депортацияланған халықтар: теориялық-әдіснамалық және өңірлік талдау

Abstract

The Soviet policy of forced resettlement had a profound impact on the social, demographic, and ethnic structure of many regions of Kazakhstan. To understand the local consequences of this process, it is not sufficient to describe only the decisions of the central authorities; it is also important to examine how special settlers were placed within a specific regional environment, how they were incorporated into the labour system, what everyday difficulties they faced, and how this experience was preserved in public memory. In this context, the authors consider the Zhambyl region as an important regional space that makes it possible to reveal the local social content of forced migration policy. The article analyzes the fate of special settlers placed in the region through the prism of administrative control, economic adaptation, labour distribution, and conditions of everyday life. On the basis of documentary materials related to the Zhambyl region, the authors show that forced migration was not limited to the physical relocation of people from one territory to another; it also transformed social relations, labour discipline, and mechanisms of everyday adaptation in the new environment. The involvement of special settlers in collective farms, state farms, industrial enterprises, and cooperative structures demonstrates that they became part of the local economic system. At the same time, the authors pay attention to the consequences of deportation at the level of individual destinies and family memory. Housing shortages, problems with food supply, sanitary conditions, and material provision complicated the adaptation process of special settlers. These circumstances justify the need to study deportation not only through political and legal acts, but also through everyday experience and intergenerational memory. The materials of the Zhambyl region make it possible to specify the impact of Soviet deportation policy on local society. By analyzing regional data, the authors demonstrate the scholarly significance of studying the history of deported peoples at the intersection of political repression, forced labour, social adaptation, interethnic relations, and historical memory. This approach provides grounds for viewing the Zhambyl region not only as an administrative territory where special settlers were placed, but also as a regional environment in which the social consequences of Soviet policy became clearly visible. Therefore, the issue examined in the article is aimed at a deeper understanding of the history of deportation through local experience, human destinies, and historical continuity.