К вопросу о восстании 1916 г. в Астраханском, Степном и Туркестанском губернаторствах

Abstract

This article is about the 1916 uprising that swept through the southeastern governorates of the Russian Empire and became the largest uprising during the period when these regions were part of the empire. It examines the general context in which the events unfolded, the causes of the uprising, its main events, and consequences. An attempt is made to synthesize the available source and research data through the prism of the author’s vision of the processes. The novelty is defined as an attempt to move away from one-sided assessments of the events of the summer of 1916 and spring of 1917, as well as an attempt to reassess the changes in the socio-demographic composition of the population on the eve of the uprising and its results, including in the format of trials not only of the rebels, but also of those who participated in the suppression of its hotbeds in violation of the legal norms existing at that time. The events of the uprising fit into the global context — World War I, the confrontation between the Entente and the Quadruple Alliance, and the state context, including the formation of a new political system that gradually included representatives of national elites in all-Russian political processes, including the emergence and activities of political parties, inclusion in parliamentary activities, and the emergence of autonomist movements in the national peripheries. The differences in the approaches of rebels in various centers of uprising are analyzed, as well as the variability of the response of the government and representatives of the regional administration (provincial and regional) to the events that took place: from armed confrontation to compromise interaction.